New legislation on Small Scale Sector Registration of Indian Students with Foreign Medical Qualifications introduced on screening test-Scaling up interventions could prevent 29 Million new HIV Infections Among Aduts by 2010-Liberian Justice ministry ordered to produce accused journalist in court-INMARSAT and NOKIA join forces for Wireless LAN development

NRIs can invest in Tea Plantations, but not in online lottery gambling

"As part of the ongoing liberalisation of the FDI regime, the Government, in partial relaxation of the extant policy which prohibits FDI in the agriculture sector, including plantations, has decided to allow FDI up to 100% in tea sector, including tea plantations,' says a Government announcement.

Proposals for FDI in tea sector will require prior approval of the Central Government and would be subject to following conditions: compulsory divestment of 26% equity of the company in favour of an Indian partner / Indian public within a period of five years; and prior approval of the State Government concerned in case of any future land use change. The above dispensation would be applicable to all fresh investments (FDI) made in this sector from the date of this notification. Ever since independence, the Indian agricultural sector has been kept away from foreign investors. The BJP government has been going aggressively on the foreign investment front. Recently it announced a decision to allow foreign direct investment in print media - an area preserved for Indian investors.

As per existing government policy, lottery business, gambling and betting are not open to foreign investment, which applies to FDI, FII portfolio investment, NRI/OCB portfolio investment, NRI/OCB investment on non-repatriation basis and investment by foreign venture capital investors.

Government has been receiving queries from certain State Governments, prospective investors, technology providers, franchise / trademark / brand name licensors, management consultants, etc., as to whether FDI is permissible in Government / private lotteries, online lotteries, casinos, etc., and also whether foreign technology collaboration, including licensing of franchise / trademark / brand name, management contract, etc., are permitted in the lottery business, gambling and betting sector.It is clarified that both foreign investment and foreign technology collaboration in any form are completely prohibited in the lottery business, gambling and betting sector, said a government statement.

Indian Artists to stage Kala 2002 at Edinburgh Arts Festival London.

New Delhi -- July 5, 2002. An exciting programme of performing arts from India, Kala 2002 would be presented at Edinburgh Arts Festival in London and other venues across the U.K. this year. This would be first time participation by India in the main Edinburgh festival. Indian arts and culture will also be featured prominently in the Commonwealth Games in Manchester. The Indian arts presentations would take forward cultural collaborations between the UK and India, this was stated by the Minister of Tourism and Culture, Shri Jagmohan, today while launching Kala – 2002 as curtain raiser to the festival at British Council, New Delhi.

On the occasion, Shri Jagmohan said that it would be India’s privilege to participate in Edinburgh festival, one of the finest arts festival of the world. A festival of this nature brings out many exciting moments in which artistic activity gets a fresh creative impulse and also give rise to trends and attitudes which go to make a better world. He said, ancient India had a highly original and powerful mind which found expression in various forms of arts and literature and created vast treasure of culture.

Kala – 2002 is a presentation of contemporary and traditional performing arts. Over 150 Indian artists covering various art forms would participate in the presentation.

World Bank Assistance for Health projects in Kerala, other states.

The Central Government will have to play a key role in augmenting public health investment so as to improve the delivery of health services in the states. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has assisted the State Governments of AP, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, UP and West Bengal to frame State Health System Projects where by they could improve the conditions of the district and sub-division hospitals by construction, strengthening and renovation of building, purchase of modern equipments and by training of manpower. These projects are funded by World Bank total up to Rs. 3914 crore. The Ministry is also taking steps to prepare project reports of Bihar, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala so that these states can also pursue their proposals with the World Bank. This was stated by the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare, Shri Shatrughan Sinha while addressing the Consultative Committee meeting here yesterday.

Elaborating on the agenda of the meeting that discussed the Central Government Health Scheme and Central Government Hospitals, the Minister informed the members that CGHS caters to about 10 lakh Central Government officers and staff. The Central Government hospitals specially the AIIMS, Dr. RML hospital and Safdar Jung hospital in Delhi attend to about 50 lakh patient every year in their OPDs and perform more than 2 lakh operations.

The members said that the Government hospitals cannot keep pace with the increasing population so there has to be an effort by the Government to open more institutes like the AIIMS at least in State capitals, so that the people do not have to rush to Delhi for better treatment. They also said that regional imbalance in the medical facilities which is largely concentrated in urban centres have to be looked into. There was also a suggestion by the members that mobile dispensaries should be started that could serve better in rural areas. The research in Ayurveda should be encouraged and given priority, the members expressed.

All Party meet on Electoral, Judicial Reforms

The Union Minister of Law and Justice K. Jana Krishnamurthi will take an All-Party Meeting on Electoral Reforms arising out of the Supreme Court judgement of May 2, 2002 requiring the Election Commission to amend the nomination forms for elections to Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies mandating the candidates for the same to disclose their involvement in crimes and criminal antecedents in the nomination forms to be able to contest the elections and the Election Commission having already implemented the impugned direction of the apex court. The Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani will join the Law Minister on the Government side in the meeting. This matter came up for consideration by the Union Cabinet on June 18, 2002 wherein it was decided to defer it for consideration in an All-Party Meeting to be convened by the Government. The Government stand will be announced after the proposed All-Party Meeting.

The Government will also utilize the All-Party Meeting for evolving a consensus for constituting a National Judicial Commission by an amendment in the Constitution. This has already been recommended by the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution, headed by Justice M.N. Venkatachalaiah, a retired Chief Justice of India. Besides, the United Front Government in 1997 had introduced a Constitution Amendment Bill for constitution of a National Judicial Commission, which lapsed with the dissolution of the Lok Sabha. There is an urgent need to set up a National Judicial Commission to deal with appointment of judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts including their postings, transfers, promotions, disciplinary action against judges and their removal as the present system has failed to deliver the good. This is intended to improve our judicial administration without affecting the independence and autonomy of judiciary as guaranteed by the Constitution of India.

From Frying pan to fire? Jaswant Singh, former foregn minister assumes charge as Finance Minister

Maran approves Foreign Direct Investment worth Rs.218 crores

Bahwans group invest Rs.5 million in Chennai based Software Firm.

Prasanna Kumar, KM correspondent.

New Delhi - July 4, 2002 keralamonitor.com The Industry Minister has cleared 42 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) proposals involving Foreign Direct Investment worth Rs. 218 Crore. The major investment proposals pertain to sectors such as manufacture & distribution of homeopathic & herbal medicines, mining exploration, to provide air diffusion, quality & management solutions and related services, manufacture of glass fibre, providing services for the manufacture of electronic products, development of computer software, information technology and ISP services. Earlier, the Foreign Investment Promotion Board had submitted its recommendations for the Minister's clearance.

Sheik Suhail Salim Abdullah Bahwan Al Mukhaini, Ms. Hind Suhail Salim Bahwan Al Mukhaini, and Ms. Amal Suhail Salim Bahwan Al Mukhaini, Sultanate of Oman are investing Rs. 5 million in Bahwan cybertek Technologies Pvt Ltd, Chennai, a group company incorporated in India to develop computer software. The foreign shareholders of the company formed a few years back will invest Rs.5 million and may retain 100 per cent ownership of the Chennai based Bahwan Cyber Tech company. Indian Minister of commerce and Industry Murasholi Maran approved the Foreign Direct Investment proposal of the group along with 41 other major investment proposals in different fields.

The Bahwan group is one of the leading business houses in Oman with interest in automobiles trading, construction, engineering and a number of other areas. Bahwan Cybertek, the Information Technology Subsidiary of the group has forayed into the lucrative software sector. The latest FDI approval is for Down stream investment upto 100%, said Murasoli Maran. As an associate company of the $ 1 billion Bahwans group, Bahwan Cybertek Technologies Pvt Ltd was started in 1999 as an offshore software development centre with marketing arms in the US, Europe and the Middle East. The company was formed with an authorised capital of Rs.50 million. The group had strategic alliance with Satyam Computer and Infosys, say media reports. Planned to hire 100 software professionals from South India, the company is marketing software made in India in other parts of the world.

Thanks to the liberal approach of Vajpayee government towards foreign investment, many foreign companies are increasing their stake in local companies upto 100 per cent. JP Morgan Services Asia Holdings Limited 10, Frere Felix de Valois Street, Port Louis, Mauritius have also got their FDI proposal approved. The company is increasing foreign equity from 96.81% to 100%.

Compared to the half a million rupees investment by the Bahwans group, M/s. Silverline Holdings Corpn, M/s. Subra Mauritius Ltd and M/s. Shreyas Holdins Ltd have got the ministers green signal for an investment of Rs.102 crores to set up software development centre at the Santa Cruz Export Processing Zone (SEEPZ), Mumbai. The huge investment is required to issue 20 million warrants on preference basis. The company operates in India from M/s. Silverline Technologies Ltd., Unit 121, SDF-IV, Seepz, Andheri (E), Mumbai - 400 006. In the mining sector also there are good investors. Rama Mines (Mauritius) Ltd is investing Rs. 50 crores for mining explorations in India.

Walden Nikko Mauritius Co. Mauritius and Walden Internet Investments Ltd, Mauritius have investeed Rs. 3 crores to set up Design, develop and deploy internet website and portals, provide e-mail, e-commerce and internet related services. The foreign partners have infused Rs.3.27 crores to increase foreign equity from 22.15% to 42.80%. The company operates Webdunia.com (India) Ltd 3rd floor, Jaipur Gems Apartment, Opp. BR Films 15th Roadm Santacruz Mumbai. Webdunia is running a number of leading vernacular Internet portals including weblokam.com.

Bahwan Cybertek is just one of the 42 foreign direct investment proposals cleared by Murasoli Maran, Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, yesterday. M/s. Japan Airlines Co. Ltd., Japan is also increasing foreign equity from 74% to 100%. M/s. Indo Japan Air Services Pvt. Ltd., Chandralok, 36, Janpath, New Delhi - 110001.

INMARSAT and NOKIA join forces for Wireless LAN development

Dubai, 4th July 2002 -keralamonitor.com. Inmarsat Limited, a leading mobile satellite communications company, and Nokia, have joined forces to investigate ways of enabling multiple users to connect to Inmarsat satellite network via a single satellite terminal using Wireless LAN technology.

In effect this would mean that users equipped with Nokia WLAN cards in their notebook PC's would be able to access the worldwide web, send and receive emails, and access their corporate LANs and WANs via Inmarsat's network virtually wherever in the world including on a ship or a plane.

"We are very excited about the work being done by our Business Solutions team and Nokia into the possibility of joining satellite and WLAN technology into an easy to use package that will allow more business-users around the world to use Inmarsat's high speed 64kbit/s services to provide connectivity wherever they need it," said Michael Butler, managing director of Inmarsat Ltd.

The Nokia Operator Wireless LAN technology offers the potential for development of a number of service opportunities using Inmarsat mobile packet data services."Potentially what it will mean is that several users in an environment supported by Nokia's WLAN technology, could gain access to the outside world via Inmarsat," added Michael Butler. "This could be invaluable for businesses looking to establish networks in areas of the world not supported by reliable or high-bandwidth telecom networks, or at sea or in the air."

A recent NOP survey for Cisco Systems showed that wireless LANs can increase employee productivity. End users of the wireless LAN were asked about how the technology improves their working life, and it was estimated that the wireless LAN allows users to be connected to the network an average of 1¾ more hours per day. This increased connectivity translates into an estimated 70 minutes increase in productivity by end-users, which in turn enables the average user to be as much as 22% more productive. Given a reported average salary of $64,000, and taking into account this increased productivity, the annual value of time savings PER EMPLOYEE can be estimated at over $7,000 per employee.

Inmarsat's GAN service supports both a 64kbit/s Mobile ISDN connection, and a Mobile Packet Data service using IP-protocol and on a 'pay as you use' model. The company has also unveiled similar 64kbit/s mobile ISDN and IP-based services for the maritime and aviation industries in Fleet F77 and Swift64 respectively. Future Inmarsat services include a 144kbit/s packet data service which is GPRS compatible due for launch at the end of 2002, and a UMTS-compatible 432kbit/s service due for launch during 2004.

Registration of Indian Students with Foreign Medical Qualifications introduced on screening test

New Delhi -- National Board of Examinations has been entrusted by the Ministry of Health
and Family Welfare to conduct the Screening Test for Indian Nationals with foreign medical qualifications. The purpose of the screening test shall be only to qualify for registration with the Medical Council of India (MCI) or any State Medical Council. The examination will be held on Saturday the 28th and Sunday the 29th September 2002 at Delhi.

It may be recalled that over a period of time it was noticed that the standard of medical education offered in some of the foreign countries, was declining. Indian students were being admitted in these Institutes through private agencies for commercial considerations. Even the Institutes recognized by MCI were admitting students who did not have the basic eligibility to join medical courses.
Number of institutes in foreign countries recognized by MCI were very few and there were number of requests from many foreign institutes pending with MCI for recognition. Due to financial constraints it was not possible for MCI to inspect each such institutions abroad. Once recognized, MCI could not also ensure that these institutes maintained the standard of education.

Therefore, the Indian Medical Council Act was amended and notified on 3.9.2001 to provide for conducting a Screening Test before granting registration to Indian students with foreign medical qualifications. Similarly, Indian students proceeding aborad for studies in medicine will have to obtain an Eligibility Certificate from MCI stating that they confirm to the minimum eligibility requirement laid down by MCI for joining an undergraduate medical course in India. As per the Regulations framed under the amended Act, these provisions have come into effect from 15th March, 2002.

New legislation on Small Scale Sector

New Delhi; July 4, 2002.The Government has proposed to bring out a new comprehensive legislation for the Small Scale Industries sector which will help address many of the concerns of the sector like credit, marketing and administrative bottlenecks. The outline of the proposed legislation was prepared by the Administration Staff College of India, Hyderabad which was commissioned by the Ministry of Small Scale Industries for the purpose.

Presiding over the 47th Meeting of the National SSI Board, here today, Smt. Vasundhara Raje, the Minister of State of Small Scale Industries, invited suggestions from the State Governments and SSI Associations on the draft legislation. She said, the new law seeks to facilitate the process of making
progress in the right direction to enlarge the space of SSI sector. The views and cooperation of the State Governments are vital as many of the existing laws which concern SSIs, are state laws and implementation is done be the agencies of State Government, she said.

Smt. Raje also announced the launch of the Third All India Census of Small Scale Industries. The Census, being conducted after a gap of over a decade, is expected to provide a wealth of data on the sector, especially in the context of a post-liberalization and post-WTO scenario. The Census will, for the first time, also cover unregistered units and document sickness in the industry. She said that holding a Census of 26 lakhs registered units and a sample survey of about 2.16 lakh unregistered units, is a gigantic task and requires a lot of preparation and more importantly full cooperation and support of all concerned which includes states/UT Governments, SSIs, Industry Associations and Data
Processing Agencies. The Minister said that the operational aspects of the Census would be discussed at the conference of State Secretaries (Industries) and State Directors of Industries, tomorrow.

Speaking of the occasion, the newly appointed Development Commissioner of SSI, Suresh Chandra said that SSI Board is the highest forum to evaluate and discuss the impact of Government’s policies on the development of SSIs. He said that the deliberations of the Board help the Government chalk out new strategies and schemes to be proactive in responding to the rapidly changing business environment. The meeting was attended by Industry Ministers of States and Union Territories. Representatives of SSI Associations across the country as well as senior officials from Government and various financial institutions. --keralamonitor.com

Liberian Justice ministry ordered to produce accused journalist in court

ABIDJAN, 4 July (IRIN) - A Liberian judge on Thursday ordered the Justice Ministry to produce in court a journalist and two other people being held incommunicado by Liberian security authorities since 24 June, human rights activists in the capital, Monrovia, said. They quoted the judge as threatening to arrest the justice minister if the ministry failed to produce the three men.

"Events took a different turn in court today [Thursday] when the accused did not appear, nor the representatives of the National Security Agency and the Defence Ministry, to explain their whereabouts as the judge had ordered them to do on Wednesday," one of the rights advocates told IRIN."The judge ordered the ministry to produce the accused, Hassan Bility, Ansumana Kamara and Abubakar Kamara in court by 10:00 a.m. local time tomorrow or else he will issue an order for the arrest of the Minister of Justice, Eddington Varmah," the source said.

This was the third time this week that government authorities had failed to produce Bility, the journalist, and his co-accused in court despite the judge's order.The source said human rights advocates had received information from "reliable sources within the police" that the three men were fine, although they were all being held in separate, undisclosed locations by unknown security authorities.Men in plainclothes arrested Bility, editor of the Analyst Newspaper in Monrovia, and his two companions on 24 June on suspicion of "operating a LURD terrorist cell in Monrovia".

"We are not dealing with a journalist," allAfrica news service reported Liberian Information Minister Reginald Goodridge as saying on Wednesday. "He wasn't arrested because of anything he published or anything he wrote or anything he said. He was arrested as the ringleader of a plot to assassinate the President of Liberia [Charles Taylor]," Goodridge was reported as saying. Bility was being held as an unlawful combatant, allAfrica reported Goodridge as saying.Human rights organisations said Bility had been arrested, questioned and detained twice in the past year. The Analyst was closed down twice during the same period for publishing articles deemed critical of the government.

 

Focus on shift towards offshore oil production in Nigeria

LAGOS, 4 July (IRIN) - Most of the oil that has earned Nigeria close to US $340 billion since production began over four decades ago has come from onshore sites. From the initial exploration efforts by Royal/Dutch Shell in 1937 up until 1993, all oil activity in the country was restricted to land and shallow waters close to communities in the Niger Delta in the south.

As resentment built up among impoverished locals who felt neglected by the government and oil companies despite the huge wealth pumped from their backyards, oil facilities became easy targets for their anger. From the early 1990s, the south was hit by a spate of seizures of oil installations, abductions and other violent acts by militant youths demanding more access to the oil wealth for their people.

By the late 1990s, such violence had disrupted production to such an extent that it sometimes reduced Nigeria’s daily crude oil output of about two million barrels by up to a third. For a government that depends on crude oil exports for more than 95 percent of its export income, it was a hard blow. For the oil multinationals, it meant increasing risk. Although onshore production costs in Nigeria are reputed to be the lowest in the world at under two dollars a barrel, this particular attraction was steadily diminished by the increasing risk of operating in the Niger Delta.One major consequence of these developments has been a shift to offshore oil production. The shift was initially slow, but it recently became faster.

New oilfield spurs offshore drive

"A major spur for offshore oil exploration in Nigeria was the huge discovery made by Shell in its deep offshore Bonga Field," an oil industry expert, Emmanuel Effiong-Duke, told IRIN. "There were also important discoveries by TotalFinaElf and Chevron-Texaco."

Effiong-Duke said Shell’s Bonga Field alone was estimated to have total oil reserves of up to two billion barrels and the belief in the oil industry was that there were other, equally prodigious, fields in Nigeria’s deep offshore waters. Exxon-Mobil, Effion-Duke said, always had the bulk all of its operations offshore, "and the fact that it was the least affected by communal disturbances in the oil region was a salutary lesson for all".

When President Olusegun Obasanjo announced a fresh round of oil exploration licences early in 2000, barely one year after his election, 11 of the 22 oil blocks on offer were in deep offshore waters, seven were in shallow waters and only four were onshore. While oil multinationals scrambled for the deep offshore licences, there were no bids for the shallow-water and onshore concessions located near the Niger Delta’s restive communities.

Although the cost of offshore production, at over US $4 a barrel, is double that of producing onshore, the oil multinationals appear undeterred. With the help of latest oil exploration and production technology, they appear to get more value in the deep waters than in or near the Delta.

Closely tied to the 2000 oil-licensing round is an aggressive programme by the government to increase Nigeria’s oil reserves from 20 billion to 30 billion barrels by 2003, and to 50 billion barrels by 2010. Nigeria also hopes to raise its production capacity, now two million barrels per day (bd), to three million bd by 2003 and five million bd by 2010.

Confirmed offshore oil deposits has increased from about 30 percent of the country's total reserves in 1997 to about 50 percent today. As Nigeria moves closer to the reserves and production targets set by Obasanjo, this percentage is likely to increase to more than 70.More for the federal government, less for the states

These developments are bound to benefit Nigeria’s federal government. In April, the Supreme Court ruled (in a suit brought by the Obasanjo administration against states in the oil region) that the federal government had exclusive control over all revenue from offshore oil and gas operations. This was in the face of agitation by states in the oil region for more control of revenue from resources derived in their area.

Activists in the Niger Delta are alarmed by the current trend.
Their fear is that after decades of environmental degradation and impoverishment due to oil activities, the federal government and oil multinationals are now preparing not only to deny their states potential revenue, but also to abandon them to their fate.In a joint statement last week, two leading activist groups in the volatile Niger Delta, the Ijaw National Congress (INC) and the Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP), accused Obasanjo's government of aggressively developing offshore oilfields in order to abdicate its responsibilities to the poverty-stricken region.

"The INC and MOSOP naturally view the proposed response to rely on offshore oil as ill-conceived, unjust and at odds with the interest of the Nigerian nation," INC and MOSOP said a joint statement."Apart from being an ignoble retreat from its responsibilities to the people of the Niger Delta, we also see this as a proposal for the economic strangulation of the Niger Delta until we are ready to submit to the government and oil companies on their own terms," they added.

The two groups claimed that a presidential committee on security in the oil region, comprising top military and security chiefs and representatives of oil companies, had advised the government to concentrate on offshore oil production as an effective way of containing the disruptive effects of unrest in the region. They argued that lasting solutions were likely to be found only by addressing the "development and environmental problems" of the Niger Delta.

Many analysts agree that the shift to offshore production will be effective in curtailing the disruption of oil production by militants that had become a regular occurrence in the last decade. But most believe it will deepen the anger of the people in the region and leave its longstanding political problems festering."In the short run it will strengthen the hand of the federal government and give it access to more oil revenue," analyst Tunde Balogun told IRIN. "But then, there is the danger that even state governments in the region will join activist groups in pulling Nigeria at the seams, further undermining the multiethnic country’s fragile unity."

Scaling up interventions could prevent 29 Million new HIV Infections
Among Aduts by 2010

Comprehensive Package of Interventions by 2005 Would Reduce Adult HIV
Infections substantially in 2002-2010

Three-year delay would cut number of prevented infections by half

Geneva, 3 July 2002 - An expanded global response to the AIDS epidemic
based on 12 essential interventions to reduce HIV transmission could
prevent some 29 million new HIV infections among adults by 2010, according
to an article to be published in The Lancet medical review on 6 July.

The article, written by a group of international experts convened by the
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health
Organization (WHO), however warns that delay in implementation of the
prevention package will dramatically reduce the number of infections that
can be prevented. Implementation of the full package by 2005 could cut
new infections by 64%, lowering the number of adults infected each year
from over four million currently to approximately 1.5 million. Analyses
suggest that just a three-year delay could reduce these potential gains by
50%.

"Implementing these interventions immediately could avert many new
infections and dramatically alter the course of the epidemic," said Neff
Walker UNAIDS Senior Advisor on Statistics, Modelling and Projections, one
of the authors of the article. "If the interventions do not take place, we
could see as many as 45 million new infections by the end of the decade."

Over the first four years, the total cost of bringing prevention
programmes to scale is estimated to be US$8.4 billion. From 2005 onwards,
the expanded prevention programme will cost an estimated US$4.8 billion
annually. The full costs of scaling-up and sustaining the effort to 2010
are estimated to be US$27 billion, or a total of some US$1000 per
infection averted.

"The implementation of this package presents many challenges," said
Bernhard Schwartlander, Director of WHO's Department of HIV/AIDS, another
of the report's authors. "However, analyses show that these coverage
levels are achievable and that the goals of reducing prevalence levels by
25% by 2010, adopted by all governments at the UN Special Session on
HIV/AIDS last year, can be met."

The 12 prevention interventions include mass media campaigns; public
sector condom promotion and distribution; condom social marketing;
voluntary counselling and testing programmes; prevention of
mother-to-child transmission; school-based programmes; programmes for
out-of-school youth; workplace programmes; treatment of sexually
transmitted infections; peer counselling for sex workers; outreach to men
who have sex with men; and harm reduction programmes for injecting drug
users.

The article cautions that the effects of the prevention activities will
only yield the expected results in the presence of strong care and support
programmes. In previous work the authors also identified nine different
care and support activities which would require an additional US$ 4.4
billion annually by 2005 for full implementation in low- and middle-income
countries.

The article says that the proportion of infections averted in different
countries will vary, from a low of 40% in countries with stable or
declining prevalence, such as Senegal or Thailand, to a high of 70% in
countries with rapidly growing epidemics, such as Cameroon or China.
Nearly a third of the benefits from the intervention package will accrue
to two countries, India and China, with another 40% in sub-Saharan Africa.